Emissions to air
Emissions from fuel combustion (transport, electricity generation for the public grid) outside the mill are not included in the data. In case the site sold electricity, the emissions associated with the sold electricity are not included. Emissions to air from the mills have been reported. For dust, TRS (H2S), NOx and SOx the figures from the paper mills are mostly based on measurements. For CO2 the figures reported for the mills are based on emissions reported to authorities where provided, or where these were not provided they are based on calculations and reported separately for fossil and biomass origin. Corrugated board plants have no measured air emission data to report. Therefore, the CO2 emission figures for corrugated board production reported in Table 4 and in the Annex are calculated from reported figures for consumption of different fuels in the corrugated board plants. The emission factors in Table 3 were used for the calculations. For other emissions to air from the corrugated board plants, these have been calculated considering production of heat using the corresponding fuels sources, using emission factors from Ecoinvent 3.11.
| FUEL | KG FOSSIL CO2 PER GJ | KG BIOGENIC CO2 PER GJ | SOURCE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Natural gas | 56.2 | - | Natural gas - UK Government GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting 2024 |
| Heavy fuel oil | 78.9 | - | Fuel oil - UK Government GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting 2024 |
| Light fuel oil | 73.5 | - | Diesel (100% mineral diesel) - UK Government GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting 2024 |
| Diesel oil | 73.5 | - | Diesel (100% mineral diesel) - UK Government GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting 2024 |
| LPG propane | 64.5 | - | Propane - UK Government GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting 2024 |
| Hard coal/coke | 93.5 | - | Coal (industrial) - UK Government GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting 2024 |
| Brown coal (lignite) | 101 | - | Lignite - WRI Emission Factors from Cross Sector Tools March 2017 |
| Brown coal (briquettes) | 97.5 | - | Brown coal briquettes - WRI Emission Factors from Cross Sector Tools March 2017 |
| Peat | 106 | - | Peat - WRI Emission Factors from Cross Sector Tools March 2017 |
| Wood and wood chips | - | 112 |
Wood or Wood waste - WRI Emission Factors from Cross Sector Tools March 2017 |
| Bark | - | 112 |
Wood or Wood waste - WRI Emission Factors from Cross Sector Tools March 2017 |
| Black liquor | - | 95.3 | Sulphite lyes (Black liquor) - WRI Emission Factors from Cross Sector Tools March 2017 |
| Biogas | - | 54.6 | Other biogas - WRI Emission Factors from Cross Sector Tools March 2017 |
| Sludge | - | 54.6 | Sludge gas - WRI Emission Factors from Cross Sector Tools March 2017 |
| Refuse derived fuel (RDF) – fossil fraction | 91.7 | - | Municipal waste (Non biomass fraction) - WRI Emission Factors from Cross Sector Tools March 2017 |
| Refuse derived fuel (RDF) – biogenic fraction | - | 100 | Municipal wastes (Biomass fraction) - WRI Emission Factors from Cross Sector Tools March 2017 |
Emissions to air in the flue gas from the CHP the power station are given for the mills producing testliner and recycled fluting that use combined heat power generation. Emissions from the incineration of rejects with energy recovery at the mill are included. Emissions in the steam from the drying section of the paper machines are not included. When mills have anaerobic wastewater treatment on the site, biogas originating from this process is used as a fuel by the mill. The emissions to air originating from the use of biogas as fuel are included.
Very few mills were able to report any figures for emissions such as metals etc. Where data was reported the same substances were not always covered and where common emissions were reported these showed a large variation per mill, primarily due to differences in measuring/monitoring and/or calculation regimes. Therefore, this information has not been included in the datasets. For conducting their own LCI or LCA studies, users of the dataset are advised that they should include such emissions. These can be estimated through the application of standard emissions data for the combustion of different fossil fuels, together with the amount of fossil fuels used in the processes (as indicated in Table 4 and the Annex). This will allow an estimation to be made of the order of magnitude of these emissions.
Allocation of emissions to paper grades when a mill produces more than one paper grade
Emissions to air are calculated from measurements, applied technology, permit values or from the input of fuels. Necessary allocations were done in the same way as for energy input.
